Environmental risk assessment report of Fumin County sewage treatment plant

Fumin county sewage treatment plant

Fu  Min  xian  Wu  Shui Chu Li Chang

 Environmental risk assessment report of Fumin County sewage treatment plant

Fumin county sewage treatment plant

2019年8月

目 录

1前言- 1 -

2总则- 1 -

2.1 Preparation Principles- 1 -

2.2 Compilation Basis- 2 -

2.2.1 Laws and regulations- 2 -

2.2.2 Standard specifications, technical guidelines- 4 -

3. Data preparation and environmental risk identification- 5 -

3.1.Basic information of enterprises- 5 -

3.1.1 Company Profile- 5 -

3.1.2 Geographical location and transportation- 6 -

3.1.3. Natural conditions of the location of the plant- 6 -

3.2. Risk receptors in the surrounding environment of enterprises- 6 -

3.3 Cases involving environmental risk substances- 9 -

3.4 Enterprise production process- 10 -

3.5. Safety production management- 11 -

3.6. Current environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures- 11 -

3.6.1 Monitoring Method- 11 -

3.6.2 Preventive Measures- 12 -

3.6.3 Emergency Measures- 13 -

3.7. Emergency materials, equipment and rescue teams available- 21 -

3.7.1 Emergency supplies and equipment are available- 21 -

3.7.2 Rescue Teams- 21 -

4. Analysis of environmental emergencies and their consequences- 23 -

4.1 Scenario analysis of emergency environmental events- 23 -

4.1.1 Possible environmental emergencies- 23 -

4.2 Source analysis of sudden environmental events- 24 -

4.2.1. Analysis of inlet water quality and abnormal source strength- 24 -

4.2.2 Source strength analysis of pollution caused by power failure or equipment failure- 26 -

4.2.3 Strong analysis of chemical leakage pollution sources- 26 -

4.2.4. Analysis of source strength of hazardous waste management and disposal- 27 -

4.2.5 Analysis of the source strength of sludge sprinkling- 27 -

4.2.6 Analysis of rupture source strength of pollution interception pipe network- 28 -

4.3. The diffusion path of the release of environmental risk substances, the analysis of environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures, and emergency resources- 28 -

4.3.1. Diffusion pathways for the release of environmental risk substances- 28 -

4.3.2. Prevention and control of environmental risks and emergency measures- 28 -

4.3.3 Emergency resource analysis- 28 -

4.4 Analysis of the consequences of environmental emergencies- 29 -

4.5.1. Water environment impact analysis- 29 -

4.5.2 Atmospheric environmental impact analysis- 29 -

4.5.3 Noise environmental impact analysis- 29 -

4.5.4 Solid waste impact analysis- 30 -

5. Gap analysis of existing environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures- 30 -

5.1. Environmental risk management system- 30 -

5.2 Environmental emergency resources- 31 -

5.3 Short -, medium - and long-term project content that needs to be rectified- 31 -

6. Improve the implementation plan of environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures- 32 -

7 Risk level of enterprise environmental emergencies- 32 -

7.1 Ratio of the quantity of environmental risk substances to the critical value- 33 -

1前言

　　　　At present, China has entered a period of frequent environmental emergencies and prominent contradictions, and environmental problems have become one of the important factors threatening human health, public safety and social stability。The State Council attaches great importance to the prevention and management of environmental risks，Issued the Opinions of The State Council on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection (Guofa [2011]35)，Clearly put forward "effective prevention of environmental risks and proper handling of environmental emergencies.，We will improve the environmental risk management system focusing on prevention，Strictly implement the main responsibility of enterprise environmental safety ";The 13th Five-Year Plan for Ecological and Environmental Protection issued by The State Council，It is proposed to strengthen prevention and control at source，Consolidate the foundation for green development"。

　　　　To implement the task of environmental risk prevention and control，To ensure people's health and environmental safety，Standardize enterprise risk assessment of environmental emergencies，To provide guidance for enterprises to improve environmental risk prevention and control capabilities，Provide technical support for environmental protection departments to implement hierarchical management according to the environmental risk level of enterprises，环保部出台了《关于印发<企业突发环境事件风险评估指南（试行）>的通知》，Clear environmental risk assessment is an important prerequisite for enterprises to achieve environmental safety standards。In order to improve the emergency management mechanism, ensure that the emergency measures are stable and orderly when the incident occurs, and protect the personal safety of employees and the property of the unit, the enterprise environmental risk assessment report is formulated。

2总则

2.1 Preparation Principles

　　　　In the establishment of an emergency response system for environmental emergencies and the implementation of its response procedures, the following principles should be implemented in accordance with the principle of seeking truth from facts and being practical:

　　　　(1) people-oriented, prevention first。Fulfill corporate social responsibility，Strengthen the monitoring, monitoring and implementation of supervision and management of hazardous sources of environmental events，Establish an environmental event risk prevention system，Actively prevent, timely control and eliminate hidden dangers，We will improve our ability to prevent and handle environmental emergencies，To avoid or reduce the occurrence of environmental emergencies as much as possible，Eliminate or mitigate the medium - and long-term impacts of environmental events，To protect public health to the greatest extent possible，To protect people's lives and property。

　　　　(2) Prepare for danger in times of safety and make unremitting efforts。We attach great importance to environmental protection and prevent problems before they happen。Enhance the awareness of potential dangers，We should combine prevention with emergency response，The normal and the abnormal are combined，Actively make preparations to deal with environmental emergencies，Strengthen training exercises，Utilize existing professional environmental emergency rescue forces，Integrate environmental monitoring and other related resources，Strive to achieve a plurality of abilities，Give full play to the role of specially trained environmental emergency rescue forces。

　　　　(3) Unified leadership and classified management。Under the unified leadership of the municipal and district Party committees and governments, the emergency management system of various departments and work sections is based on hierarchical management and coordination of operations。According to the characteristics of environmental pollution and ecological pollution caused by different pollution sources, classified management shall be implemented, the role of professional emergency command agencies and emergency rescue teams shall be fully brought into play, and the coordination and cooperation between various departments of enterprises shall be strengthened to improve the ability of rapid response。

　　　　(4) Territorial-based, graded response。Accept and implement the leadership and instructions of the government environmental protection department，Determine the level of emergency environmental events and initiate corresponding emergency plans in time，Give full play to the professional advantages of emergency departments，Measures should be taken to adapt to the scope of harm and social impact caused by environmental emergencies，Minimize the impact of environmental emergencies。

2.2 Compilation Basis

2.2.1 Laws and regulations

　　　　Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (Effective January 1, 2015)

　　　　Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution (Effective January 1, 2016)

　　　　Law of the People's Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Control (effective January 1, 2018)

　　　　Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste (revised on November 7, 2016)

　　　　Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China (Effective November 1, 2007)

　　　　Production Safety Law of the People's Republic of China (Effective December 1, 2014)

　　　　Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (effective May 1, 2009)

　　　　National Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies (implemented on December 29, 2014)

　　　　National General Emergency Response Plan for Public Emergencies (effective January 8, 2006)

　　　　Regulations on the Safety Administration of Hazardous Chemicals (amended on 7 December 2013)

　　　　Measures on Information Reporting of Environmental Emergencies (implemented on May 1, 2011)

　　　　Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals (2015 Edition) (effective from May 1, 2015)

　　　　Preparation of Emergency Rescue Plan for Hazardous Chemical Accidents (Unit Version) (implemented on April 8, 2004)

　　　　National Hazardous Waste List (effective from August 1, 2016)

　　　　Measures on Information Reporting of Environmental Emergencies (implemented on May 1, 2011);

　　　　Opinions of The State Council on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection (implemented on October 17, 2011);

　　　　Notice on Issuing the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Emergency Plans for Environmental Emergencies in Enterprises and Public Institutions (for Trial Implementation) (implemented on January 8, 2015)

　　　　Notice of The General Office of the State Council on Issuing the National Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies (implemented on December 29, 2014)

　　　　Notice of The General Office of the State Council on Issuing Management Measures for Emergency Response Plans (2013) No. 101)

　　　　Interim Provisions on the Supervision and Administration of Major Hazardous Sources of Hazardous Chemicals (effective July 1, 2015);

　　　　Measures for the Implementation of Safety Production License for Hazardous Chemical Production Enterprises (issued on May 17, 2004);

　　　　Measures for the Management of Emergency Plans for Environmental Emergencies (No. 4, 2015);

　　　　List of Hazardous Chemicals under Key Supervision (2013 complete edition);

　　　　Measures for the Supervision and Management of Risk Prevention and Control of Enterprise Environmental Emergencies (issued on February 5, 2018);

　　　　Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Enterprise Environmental Emergencies (for Trial Implementation) (Implemented on January 8, 2015)

2.2.2 Standard specifications, technical guidelines

　　　　Identification of Major Hazard Sources of Hazardous Chemicals (GB18218-2014);

　　　　Technical Specification for Identification of Hazardous Waste (HJ/T 298-2007);

　　　　Code for Environmental Protection Design of Chemical Construction Projects (GB50483-2009);

　　　　Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Groundwater Environment (HJ610-2016);

　　　　Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Surface Water Environment (HJ/T2.3-1993）；

　　　　Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Ecological Impact (HJ 19-2011);

　　　　Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Projects (HJ/T169-2004);

　　　　Technical Specification for the Identification of Chemical Toxicity (Health Supervision Fa [2005]272);

　　　　Hazardous Waste Storage Pollution Control Standard (GB18597-2001);

　　　　Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Projects (HJ/T169-2004);

3. Data preparation and environmental risk identification

3.1.Basic information of enterprises

3.1.1 Company Profile

　　　　Fumin County sewage treatment plant is located in Dingjiaying village, Xiyi Village Committee, Yongding Town, Fumin County。 Fumin County municipal sewage treatment plant and supporting pipe network project, the total land area of the project planning is :195367.33m2,约29.3 acres;Among them, the building covers an area of 6090m2, the road and ground paved area of 5757m2, the green area of 48,387m2, and the other land area of 3313.8m2;The total length of the main network and branch network is 37.036km。The main construction content of sewage pipe network includes the laying of sewage pipe network and the construction of lifting pump。Main structures: coarse grid, lifting pump room, fine grid canal, swirl sedimentation tank, CASS tank, ultraviolet disinfection room, Basher metering tank, reuse pool, sludge homogenization tank, the main buildings include blower room, sludge dewatering room, transformer and distribution room, transmission room, comprehensive building one each. The project was approved by the Kunming Development and Reform Commission (Kunfa Reform Investment (2008) No. 249) on March 19, 2008, and the total approved investment is within 75 million yuan。The environmental impact report was approved by the Kunming Environmental Protection Bureau (No. 190, 2008) on November 7, 2008。The feasibility study report was prepared by the Yunnan Provincial Design Institute on November 21, 2008, and approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission (Yunfa Reform Investment (2008) No. 1970), with an approved investment of 77.69 million yuan。In February 2009, the site investigation and investigation work of the project design began. The project design was publicly opened in Yunnan Construction Engineering Trading Center on April 9, 2009, and Beijing Guohuan Tsinghua Environmental Engineering Design and Research Institute was selected as the winning unit。In June, the designer completed the initial design results，On July 28, 2009, it passed the evaluation in Yunnan Urban Construction Cultural Development Center，On October 28, 2009, it was officially approved by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Yunnan Provincial Development and Reform Commission (Yun Jiancheng (2009) No. 543)，The approved investment is 7,813.86万元。On May 9, 2012, the Kunming Environmental Protection Bureau approved the "Application for Environmental Protection Acceptance of Fumin County Sewage Treatment Plant and storm sewer network Construction Project Completion" by "Kun Environmental Protection Fu [2012] No. 195", agreeing that the project passed the completion environmental protection acceptance。The effluent quality shall comply with the "Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002) Grade A standard。

　　　　CASS technology is used in sewage treatment in Fumin County。

3.1.2 Geographical location and transportation

　　Address: Fumin County sewage treatment plant, Kunming City, Yunnan Province

　　102°12 '47 "E, 25°08' 3" N

3.1.3. Natural conditions of the location of the plant

　　　　 1. Meteorological and climatic conditions

　　　　The sewage plant is located in the southwest of the subtropical plateau climate, the average annual temperature of 15.5℃, annual precipitation 970-1290 mm, frost-free period 205-227 days, annual sunshine hours 2307 hours, the annual dominant wind direction is southwest wind, occasionally northwest wind, static wind frequency up to 53%, the average annual wind speed is 1.6 m/s with a maximum wind speed of 17 m/s。

　　　　2. River system

　　　　The main river of Fumin Water Works is Mantis River, which implements Class V water quality standards。All the qualified sewage from Fumin Sewage Treatment plant is discharged into Manochuan River。

3.2. Risk receptors in the surrounding environment of enterprises

　　　　Environmental risk receptors are divided into atmospheric environmental risk receptors, soil environmental risk receptors and water environmental risk receptors。其中，The atmospheric environment risk receptors are people, protection units, vegetation, etc. in the main functional areas such as residence, medical and health care, culture and education, scientific research, administrative offices, important infrastructure, and enterprises within a 5km radius around the enterprise，Quantification of indicators by population;The soil environmental risk receptors are mainly the basic farmland protection areas, residential and commercial areas and other areas within 1km around the enterprise。

　　　　The downstream of the rainwater outfall (including the spillway), clean drainage outfall and total waste water outfall of the main enterprises are (Mantis River → Luquan → Jinsha River), special ecosystem, aquaculture area, spawning ground for fish and shrimp, natural fishing ground, etc。

　　　　The environmental risk receptors around sewage treatment plants are shown in Table 3.2-1、3.2-2。

3.3 Cases involving environmental risk substances

　　　　The process links involving environmental risk sources in the plant are mainly methane and hydrogen sulfide produced by water inlet, anaerobic and anoxic processes.Polyacrylamide for sludge thickening。After checking the "List of dangerous chemicals", methane is the first dangerous chemical of Class 2, No. 21007, UN No. 1971, and hydrogen sulfide is the second.Class 1 flammable gas, the list does not describe polyacrylamide PAM, but because of the large amount of use, it is special to list its dangerous characteristics。In addition, there are waste lubricating oil and waste liquid produced by the laboratory in the factory. Due to the small production volume, they are temporarily stored in the factory and uniformly processed by Yunnan Dadi Fengyuan Environmental Protection Co., LTD。

　　　　The storage of risk substances is shown in Table 3.3-1：

　　　　After the identification of hazardous substances and the analysis of the production process, according to the "Identification of Major Hazard Sources" (GB 18218-2000) standard combined with the operation status of the plant, there are no major risk sources in the plant。

　　　　Plant risk accidents mainly include substandard effluent caused by abnormal inlet water quality and quantity, sudden natural disasters, or substandard wastewater discharge accidents caused by power failure, hazardous chemical leakage accidents, hazardous waste loss caused by poor management, sludge transportation system accidents, sewage leakage caused by the rupture of pollution intercepting pipe network, etc。

　　　　Therefore, the collection well, sludge dewatering room, power distribution room, laboratory, dodging room and hazardous waste temporary storage room in the plant are environmental risk sources。

3.4 Enterprise production process

3.5. Safety production management

　　　　The company is a non-hazardous chemical production enterprise, has passed the fire acceptance。

3.6. Current environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures

　　　　In order to prevent the occurrence of incidents, the necessary safety and environmental monitoring facilities have been established within the plant area, and to ensure that the system can timely alert in abnormal circumstances。

3.6.1 Monitoring Method

　　　　Hazard source identification, risk assessment, and environmental factor identification and evaluation are carried out in the plant organization. According to the risk degree of environmental risk source and the impact on the environment, the whole plant, each section (team) and operator are monitored at different levels。In view of the various accident risks, the control measures are planned, and the hazard sources (important environmental factors) are monitored from the following aspects。

　　　　(1) Establish and improve the environmental risk investigation system

　　　　Establish and improve the environmental risk and hidden danger investigation system and operation procedures, clarify management responsibilities, strengthen hidden danger investigation, treatment and other management measures, strengthen the daily management of danger sources, and implement management control。The factory set up a special organization and personnel responsible for safety and environmental work, establish a daily inspection system, inspection records, there are rectification measures。Find hidden dangers, timely rectification, to achieve the purpose of safe production。

　　　　(2) Technical control

　　　　In strict accordance with regulations and standards, the factory is equipped with equipment and facilities that meet the requirements of environmental protection, and adopts new technologies, new processes and new materials to improve the working environment, strengthen environmental protection management through technological progress, and reduce the risk of environmental pollution accidents。

　　　　(3) Personnel education

　　　　Strengthen the environmental management and operation requirements in the factory, improve the environmental awareness and skills of personnel, and achieve operation safety and environmental protection。

3.6.2 Preventive Measures

　　　　(1) Establish and improve various rules and regulations: key monitoring system of risk sources, safe operation procedures of main equipment, post operation method, duty system, tour inspection system, special operation approval system, various assessment reward and punishment system, etc。

　　　　(2) Regular safety and environmental risk assessment。

　　　　(3) Operate according to the regulations, prevent violations;Strengthen all kinds of training and assessment of employees. Employees must be trained before taking the post and pass the examination before taking the post;Required to hold a certificate for special operations;Control and record all kinds of process parameters according to post operation requirements。

　　　　(4) Complete and effective safety facilities;Fire equipment and safety devices should be fully equipped, and their effectiveness should be ensured through regular inspection and trial。

　　　　(5) Annual inspection of lightning protection facilities to ensure good condition。

　　　　(6) Do a good job in the management of special operations;Take appropriate safety precautions for temporary operations, conduct relevant knowledge training and safety education for operators, and identify guardianship personnel。

　　　　(7) Do a good job of preventing natural disasters;According to the weather forecast, the sewage plant should do a good job in dealing with all kinds of natural disasters, including flood control and flood control。In extreme climate and weather conditions, rationally arrange the process, and strengthen the inspection of environmental protection facilities, and rectify the problem in time。

　　　　(8) Communication channels should be maintained with the local power supply department to timely understand the power failure information and power failure plan in order to arrange the implementation of countermeasures。

　　　　(9) Equipped with qualified hydropower staff and standby generator sets, conscientiously implement the staff responsibility system, regularly inspect and maintain water supply and power supply equipment, and perform regular maintenance of mechanical equipment。

　　　　(10) The sewage treatment plant water quality in and out of the implementation of the online monitoring system, the main indicators by the online monitoring system real-time monitoring, grasp the water quality in and out of the water plant, to prevent the fluctuation of sewage water quality and quantity affect the normal operation of the water plant, timely and reasonable adjustment of operating conditions, strictly prohibit long-term overload operation。

　　　　(11) The dosing room is equipped with "No entry for idle persons", "No fireworks" and chemical dangerous goods warning signs。

　　　　(12) Prevention of environmental risk sources

　　　　 A. Inlet and outlet water quality and abnormal water quantity prevention measures

　　　　The sewage treatment plant must strictly require that the on-duty operators should always pay attention to the water quality and water quantity of the plant. If the water quality and water quantity are abnormal, they should be reported immediately。At the same time, the operation and management of the sewage treatment system should be strengthened, and the daily maintenance of the sewage treatment device should be carried out to ensure its normal operation。And strengthen the business training of operators, once the sewage station operation system failure, can find out the cause in time, take appropriate countermeasures to solve, reduce the impact of sewage accident discharge degree and scope。Prevent discharge of untreated sewage。

　　　　B. Preventive measures for power failure or equipment failure

　　　　Sewage treatment plant should always maintain close contact with the power supply department, when there is a power failure, timely maintenance, restore power。

　　　　Strengthen the daily maintenance and maintenance of equipment, and minimize the frequency of failure of sewage treatment equipment。

　　　　C. Preventive measures for chemical leakage risk accidents

　　　　Delimit the no-fire zone, set up warning signs in obvious places, and power lines, lamps, fire accident lighting and evacuation signs should meet the safety requirements of production。

　　　　Laboratory chemical reagents are stored in special chemical reagent storage cabinets, according to the nature of chemicals, and incompatible chemicals are stored separately to prevent fire, explosion, poisoning and other accidents caused by chemical leakage。

　　　　D, hazardous waste management, disposal risk accident prevention measures

　　　　① The plant is equipped with a temporary storage room for hazardous waste for seepage prevention treatment。

　　　　(2) Containers and packages of hazardous waste, as well as facilities and sites for the collection, storage, transfer and disposal of hazardous waste, shall be equipped with hazardous waste identification marks。

　　　　(3) It is prohibited to mix hazardous waste into non-hazardous waste for collection, storage, transfer and disposal。

　　　　(4) The collection, storage and transfer of hazardous waste shall use containers and packaging that meet the standards。

　　　　It is prohibited to dump or pile hazardous waste into the environment。??

　　　　E. Prevention measures for leakage risk accidents during sludge transportation

　　　　The vehicle transporting the sludge should be fixed, to ensure that the sludge is not thrown on the road, not to pour the sludge, to ensure that the sludge is safely sent to the landfill for landfill, and not to cause pollution to the environment。

　　　　F. Preventive measures for sewage leakage risk accidents caused by the rupture of pollution interception pipe network

　　　　Regular inspection and maintenance of the pollution interception pipe network, publicity to the masses, and care for public facilities。

　　　　G. Preventive measures for sewage leakage accidents caused by natural weather and geological disasters

　　　　The relevant person in charge should pay close attention to weather changes, do a good job of preventing the impact of sudden natural weather on production, and prevent it from happening。

　　　　In addition, rain and sewage diversion has been done in the factory to ensure that the sewage will not flow out with the rain in the event of heavy rain。

　　　　In daily work, the relevant person in charge of the sewage treatment plant should strengthen the daily inspection of the structures and equipment. If the structures are found to be cracked or the pipes are not well connected, they should be treated in time。

3.6.3 Emergency Measures

　　　　(1) Emergency measures for abnormal inlet and outlet water quality and quantity

　　　　The personnel on duty should carefully observe the water intake when patrolling or observing in the central control room. If the water is found to have obvious color, suspended matter, odor, foam, containing a lot of sediment and other abnormal phenomena that cause damage to the biochemical system and equipment, it should be regarded as abnormal water intake。When the smell of water is abnormal, on-site personnel should observe in the upwind direction。

　　　　When the abnormal water intake is found, the production person should be reported first and the water sample should be collected in time (the amount of water sample should be greater than 300 ml)，According to the situation can be multiple water samples) and take photos forensics，The person in charge of production should quickly arrive at the scene to observe and identify the abnormal water situation and causes，And make a judgment，Decide if water intake needs to be reduced or stopped，Report to factory leader at the same time。If the abnormal degree of water intake is serious, the water intake should be stopped immediately and reported to the company office and laboratory, Longyang District Environmental Supervision Brigade。If the abnormal water intake is relatively light, it is necessary to carefully observe the site, monitor the water intake, and take appropriate measures according to the situation (reduce the water intake when observing).。Samples of abnormal water intake collected shall be tested immediately. If testing is not possible, samples shall be sent to qualified testing institutions other than the company for testing。If laboratory testing is not possible at that time or on the same day, the water sample should be properly stored for testing the next day。After obtaining the test report, it is necessary to write a report on the abnormal water intake affecting the production operation and report it to the company office。If the water quality exceeds the design standard, reduce the amount of water and report to the leader immediately。According to the command, the influent water quality, process operation parameters and effluent water quality data were analyzed, and the relevant process flow was timely adjusted according to the test data。

　　　　A When the inlet and outlet water quality is abnormal

　　　 1) Influent abnormalities include water quality color green, blue, red and other different from the usual influent water samples, smell pungent, or contain a lot of sediment and other damage to biochemical systems and equipment influent。

　　　　2) After the discovery, the personnel on duty immediately report to the leader of the leading group, take samples at the same time, and keep in contact with the leading group at any time during the process of handling the accident。

　　　　3) The personnel on duty and on-site personnel shall observe the changes of sludge or equipment in each process section in stages and take targeted measures to adjust them。

　　　　4) After receiving the report, the leading group shall promptly report to the superior leadership and the local environmental protection department, and keep in touch with the superior competent department and the local environmental protection department at any time during the process of handling the accident。

　　　　5) It is found that the inlet water quality exceeds the design standard 

　　　　A. Reduce water intake and report to the leader immediately。

　　　　B. Immediately analyze the influent water quality, process operation parameters and effluent water quality data, timely adjust the relevant process flow according to the test data, and treat more sewage as much as possible。

　　　　C. When a large number of toxic substances exceed the capacity of the biochemical system, stop the water and wait for superior instructions。

　　　　If the wastewater appears in the following situations: when entering high P wastewater，FeSO4 can be added to the distribution well,Then enter the biochemical reaction tank for follow-up treatment;When entering strong acid wastewater，Add quicklime or lye (NaOH) to the front of the settling tank,Adjust PH between 6 and 9，Then enter the biochemical reaction tank for follow-up treatment;Enter strong alkali wastewater，HCl is added to the front end of the settling basin，Adjust the PH. Adjust the PH value between 6 and 9，Then enter the biochemical reaction tank for follow-up treatment;When entering Fe,Cr and other toxic substances，Quicklime can be added to the front end of the settling basin，The amount of aeration will be increased after the pretreatment of the wastewater in the sand settling tank enters the biochemical reaction tank，Because most heavy metal oxides are precipitated;When entering oily wastewater，It can be adsorbed by oil absorbing felt，To be thorough，Long-term prevention，Measures such as air flotation equipment can be added at the front end of the sedimentation tank。

　　　　B When the water intake far exceeds the design maximum load

　　　1) According to the weather forecast, check the equipment in advance to ensure that it is in good condition, organize the power to dredge the rainwater pipeline in the factory to ensure smooth flow。 

2) Ensure the normal operation of the water pump, and run the standby water pump when necessary。

3) Each post should close the doors and Windows tightly to prevent rain from flowing in and affecting the operation of the equipment。 

4) Observe the water level in the pool at any time and report to the leader。 

5) Go out to inspect, must be in two groups, pay attention to non-slip。

　　　6) The transformer on duty should check whether there is water in the cable trench of the distribution room in time and pay attention to pumping and drainage。

　　　7) The factory repair team, the vehicle to be on call, ready to deal with the occurrence of emergencies。

　　　　C Effluent quality Abnormal quantity

　　　　1) Immediately close the outlet valve of the plant, try to control the anomaly within the scope of the plant, and do not affect the external receiving water;

　　　　2) After the discovery, the personnel on duty immediately report to the leader of the leading group, take samples at the same time, and keep in contact with the leading group at any time during the process of handling the accident。

　　　　3) The personnel on duty and on-site personnel shall observe the changes of sludge or equipment in each process section in stages, and take targeted measures to adjust the process operation mode。

　　　　4) After receiving the report, the leading group shall promptly report to the superior leadership and the local environmental protection department, and keep in touch with the superior competent department and the local environmental protection department at any time during the process of handling the accident。

　　　　(2) Emergency measures for power failure

　　　　In case of sudden power failure, the personnel on duty should immediately report to the person in charge of production, the person in charge of production should promptly report to the director of the factory and quickly organize technical personnel to find the cause of the fault, if the external fault should contact the power supply department for emergency repair as soon as possible。After the implementation of the situation, the factory director shall promptly report to the leadership of the company。

　　　　In case of sudden power failure, the personnel on duty should go to the scene to turn off the switch of all operating equipment, and restart the operation only after receiving the command of power supply recovery。In case of thunderstorms, it is necessary to avoid thunderstorms before operating on the process structure。

　　　　After the sudden power failure, in addition to the necessary inspection and supervision, the duty personnel should monitor the position, especially the middle and night shift personnel, should be vigilant, strengthen their own awareness of prevention, contact with the security personnel in the plant, take care of each other, to ensure the safety of the factory, and wait for the arrival of relevant personnel and emergency repair teams。

　　　　In case of power failure, the emergency measures taken should be reported to the emergency office of the company and the municipal and district environmental supervision departments in a timely manner, and the reasons should be explained。

　　　　(3) Emergency measures for chemical leakage

　　　　The flocculant used in the plant is solid. If there is leakage or spilling, the emergency personnel should wear protective clothing and collect the leaked flocculant with shovels and bags to prevent the flocculant from entering a large number of restricted Spaces such as sewers, flood drains and sewage treatment structures。

　　　　In case of chemical leakage in the laboratory, the emergency measures are as follows:

　　　　Cut off the fire source;Emergency responders wear protective gear，Wear acid-alkali protective clothing;Prevent leaking chemicals from entering restricted Spaces such as sewers;Based on the nature of the chemicals that were released，The neutralization treatment was carried out by laboratory reagent or the adsorption was carried out by sand，All the adsorbed sand is collected and sent to the hazardous waste disposal unit together with other hazardous wastes in the plant。

　　　　(4) Emergency measures for loss and leakage of hazardous waste management

　　　　When hazardous waste loss, leakage, diffusion and other accidents occur, the discoverer should protect the scene, and report to the emergency rescue office, the alarm personnel should briefly explain the location of the accident, the nature and extent of the leakage medium, whether personnel are injured, poisoning and so on。After receiving the alarm, the emergency rescue office should correctly analyze and judge, take the corresponding treatment plan, control the expansion of the accident, and notify the relevant emergency rescue team leader to the scene for rescue according to the nature of the accident。The accident department shall immediately investigate the cause of the accident, the emergency command personnel shall organize and carry out emergency treatment in a timely manner, immediately deal with it according to the post operation method and emergency treatment method, quickly evacuate the personnel in the leakage contaminated area, and strictly restrict access。

　　　　Take emergency measures in time according to the following requirements:

　　　　1.Determine the type, quantity, occurrence time, impact scope and severity of hazardous waste lost, leaked and spread;

　　　　2.Organize relevant personnel to deal with the leakage and diffusion of hazardous waste on site;

　　　　3.Disposal of areas contaminated with hazardous wastes shall minimize the impact on workers, other site personnel, and the environment。

　　　　4.Take appropriate safety disposal measures, harmless treatment of the leaked and contaminated areas and articles, and block the contaminated areas if necessary to prevent the expansion of pollution。

　　　　5.The working personnel shall carry out their work after taking good health and safety protection。After handling the work, the cause of the incident should be investigated, and effective preventive measures should be taken to prevent similar incidents。

　　　　When the leakage media may have an impact on the social environment, the emergency rescue office shall inform the local government of the accident and obtain support and cooperation。

　　　　After the accident, it is necessary to pay attention to the protection of the scene, and the emergency rescue office shall organize relevant personnel to investigate the accident, analyze the cause, fill in the "emergency handling report" within 24 hours, report to the commander in chief, and report to the relevant departments at the higher level if necessary。

　　　　(5) Emergency treatment measures for leakage risk accidents during sludge transportation

　　　　When sludge loss, leakage, diffusion and other accidents, the finder should protect the scene, and to the emergency rescue office alarm, alarm personnel should briefly explain the location of the accident, the nature and extent of the leakage medium, whether personnel were injured。After receiving the alarm, the emergency rescue office should correctly analyze and judge, take the corresponding treatment plan, control the expansion of the accident, and notify the relevant emergency rescue team leader to the scene for rescue according to the nature of the accident。The accident department shall immediately investigate the cause of the accident, the emergency command personnel shall organize and carry out emergency treatment in a timely manner, immediately deal with it according to the post operation method and emergency treatment method, quickly evacuate the personnel in the leakage contaminated area, and strictly restrict access。

　　　　Take emergency measures in time according to the following requirements:

　　　　(1) When treating areas contaminated by sludge, the impact on site personnel and the environment should be reduced as much as possible。

　　　　(2) Take appropriate safety disposal measures to disinfect the leaked and contaminated areas and articles or other harmless treatment to prevent the expansion of pollution。

　　　　(3) The staff shall work after health and safety protection。After handling the work, the cause of the incident should be investigated, and effective preventive measures should be taken to prevent similar incidents。

　　　　(6) Emergency treatment measures for sewage leakage risk accidents caused by the rupture of pollution interception pipe network

　　　　As the pollution interception pipe network is managed and maintained by the Housing Authority, in case of an accident, measures such as adjusting the process operation procedures and increasing or stopping the water intake and outflow will be taken in cooperation with the Housing Authority。

　　　　(7) Emergency measures for sudden catastrophic weather and geological disasters

　　　　1) Check the gate and other equipment in advance according to the weather forecast to ensure that it is in good condition。

　　　　2) Observe the water level of the sump at any time and report to the leader。

　　　　3) When going out for inspection, you must pay attention to personal safety, pay attention to non-slip, and cooperate with two or three people when someone needs to cooperate。

　　　　4) Since the inlet pipe network is related to the flood control and drainage of the surrounding area, when the water level exceeds the warning water level, the company and the environmental protection department shall be reported immediately to increase the water intake. If the inlet water level still rises and exceeds the limit water level, the corresponding process adjustment shall be made。

3.7. Emergency materials, equipment and rescue teams available

3.7.1 Emergency supplies and equipment are available

　　　　This part is detailed in Annex II of the Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies。

3.7.2 Rescue Teams

　　　　The address book of the emergency rescue command center, the list of members of the emergency rescue team and their communication methods are shown in Annex I of the emergency Plan for environmental emergencies。

3.7.2.1 Emergency command structure system diagram

3.7.2.2 Main responsibilities of the command body

　　　　See Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies 4 for details.2节。

4. Analysis of environmental emergencies and their consequences

4.1 Scenario analysis of emergency environmental events

4.1.2 Unexpected environmental events that may occur

　　　Based on the analysis of the risk substances, production processes, safety management and existing environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures involved in the factory, this assessment report considers the worst scenario that the sewage treatment plant may cause or secondary environmental emergencies, as shown in Table 4.1－1。

4.2 Source analysis of sudden environmental events

4.2.1. Analysis of inlet water quality and abnormal source strength

　　　　The sewage that meets the standard of sewage treatment is discharged into Mantiochuan River. At present, the current function of Mantiochuan River is to flow water from the outlet channel of Dianchi Lake, and the water quality standard of Class V is implemented。

　　　　In order to predict the impact of abnormal discharge of wastewater from sewage treatment plant on the surface water environment of Mantiochuan River, a completely mixed model was adopted to predict the impact of effluent from sewage treatment plant on the surface water environment under abnormal conditions, and the predictive factors were CODcr and NH3-N。

　　　　(1) Prediction model and parameter selection

　　　　According to the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Surface Water Environment (HJ/T2.3-93), combined with the current situation of surface water environmental quality of Mantis Chuan River, the design treatment scale of sewage treatment plant and the concentration of incoming and outgoing water, the model and parameters adopted by the factory for the environmental impact prediction of surface water are selected as follows:

　　　　Where: C -- predicted concentration of pollutants after complete mixing (mg/L);

　　　　      Ch -- the current concentration of pollutants in the East River upstream of the sewage outlet (mg/L), where CODcr is 4.17mg/L, NH3-N is 0.06mg/L;

　　　　　　　　Qh -- Mantis River discharge (m3/s), taking the discharge in dry season as about 1.01m3/s；

　　　　　　　　Cp -- the water quality concentration of the tail water after the completion of the sewage plant (mg/L), under normal circumstances, the CODcr emission concentration is 50mg/L, and the NH3-N concentration is 5mg/L;

　　　　　　　　Qp -- effluent discharge (m3/s), total discharge 8000m3/d (about 0.093m3/s），

　　　　从表4.2-1 It can be seen that when the sewage treatment plant fails and the wastewater is discharged into Mantichuan River without treatment, the CODcr concentration after the sewage plant drains into the river is about 73.2mg/L, exceeding 2.44 times, NH3-N concentration is about 9.8mg/L, exceeding 6.53倍。This is mainly because the water flow of Mantis River is small in the dry season, and the sewage discharge is large。Therefore, sewage treatment plants must strengthen management to ensure that sewage treatment standards are discharged, and resolutely eliminate excessive discharge。

4.2.2 Source strength analysis of pollution caused by power failure or equipment failure

　　　　Sewage treatment plant fans, pumps and other key core equipment need to be driven by electricity, power failure will cause sewage treatment can not operate normally, the quality of the effluent can not meet the standard。But because sewage treatment plants have large catchments，In case of short power outage or equipment failure，Sewage can be temporarily stored in sewage treatment plants，Discharge after the call or equipment maintenance is normal，It has no impact on the external environment，But in the event of a prolonged power outage，The amount of urban sewage produced in Fumin County is greater than the temporary capacity of the sewage treatment plant，May have an impact on the external environment。

4.2.3 Strong analysis of chemical leakage pollution sources

　　　　The chemicals used in sewage treatment plants are mainly flocculants used in production and small amounts of chemicals used in laboratories。Because the amount of chemicals used in the laboratory in the factory is very small, the storage is also very small, if there is a leak, the leakage range is small, and can be controlled in the laboratory。The flocculant used in production, if a small amount of leakage occurs, timely emergency measures can be controlled within the scope of the plant, once a large number of leaks occur, may affect the quality of wastewater treatment plant effluent。

4.2.4. Analysis of source strength of hazardous waste management and disposal

　　　　When testing water samples in the laboratory of the plant, experimental waste will be produced, the hazardous waste number is HW49, and a small amount of waste oil will be produced in the plant, the hazardous waste number is HW08。The factory adopts unified collection and storage of hazardous waste, as long as the management is strengthened, the possibility of leakage is less。Due to the small amount of hazardous waste generation, if there is a leak, timely interception, collection and other measures can control hazardous waste within the scope of the plant。However, if the emergency measures are not taken, the hazardous waste may enter the external environment or enter the sewage treatment facility, which may cause pollution to the surrounding personnel, surface water, and soil。

4.2.5 Analysis of the source strength of sludge sprinkling

　　　　Sludge from sewage treatment plants is transported to landfills for sanitary disposal。

　　　　According to GB16889-2008 "Domestic waste landfill pollution control Standard" No. 6.Article 6 stipulates that the moisture content of sewage treatment plant sludge after treatment is less than 60%, it can be tested by the monitoring department recognized by the local environmental protection administrative department and approved by the local environmental protection administrative department before it can enter the domestic waste landfill。The sewage treatment plant has set up a sludge thickening and dewatering workshop，The sludge produced in the process of sewage treatment is concentrated and dehydrated，Reduce sludge moisture content，The moisture content of the treated sludge is about 50% ~ 60%，Make the moisture content meet the requirements of GB16889-2008 "Domestic waste Landfill pollution Control Standard"。Therefore, when the sludge is spilled during transportation, as long as it is treated and washed properly, there will be no major environmental pollution incidents。

4.2.6 Analysis of rupture source strength of pollution interception pipe network

　　　　The interception pipe is responsible for collecting sewage from Long Yang District and flowing into the sewage treatment plant。The burst of the intercepting pipe will directly cause the sewage to pollute the surrounding farmland and the surrounding environment。However, the probability of large-scale rupture of the pollution interception pipe network is very small, and when a certain rupture is found, emergency measures should be taken in time, and maintenance and leakage should be carried out in time。The impact of the pollution interception pipe network rupture can be controlled, and the probability of large-scale pollution is small。

4.3. The diffusion path of the release of environmental risk substances, the analysis of environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures, and emergency resources

4.3.1. Diffusion pathways for the release of environmental risk substances

　　　　1、大气

　　　　The discharge of air pollutants from the sewage treatment plant will spread in all directions in the case of quiet wind, and in the case of wind, mainly in the north direction。

　　　　2. Surface water

　　　　20m to the east of the plant is Manochuan River, and its elevation is lower than that of our factory, so in the case of extreme weather conditions or accidents, a large amount of surface runoff will be generated in the plant and will flow into Manochuan River。

4.3.2. Prevention and control of environmental risks and emergency measures

　　　See section 3 for details.7。

4.3.3 Emergency resource analysis

　　　This part of the content is detailed in the "Fumin Sewage Treatment Co., Ltd. emergency materials Survey" report prepared by the unit。

4.4 Analysis of the consequences of environmental emergencies

4.5.1. Water environment impact analysis

　　　　The treated water of our factory flows into Mantis River for landscape water, and the drainage implements GB18918-2002 "Urban sewage Treatment plant pollutant Discharge Standard" Grade A standard。The factory's effluent receiving water body is the Class V water body standard of GB3838-2002 "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard". The treatment of wastewater discharged to meet the standard has a low contribution rate of pollutants to Mantis Chuan River, and the drainage has an obvious purification effect on the water quality of Mantis Chuan River。In the case of abnormal discharge, due to the small discharge of Manochuan River in the dry season, the abnormal discharge of sewage may cause the pollution of Manochuan River to exceed the standard。Therefore, the factory must pay attention to strengthen the monitoring of the quality of incoming and outgoing water, strengthen the repair, maintenance and strict management of the equipment, prevent leakage, especially to eliminate the production situation, and minimize the impact on the surface water。

4.5.2 Atmospheric environmental impact analysis

　　　　In the sewage treatment plant, the odor intensity of aeration fans, sewage lifting pumps, hypoxia tanks, sludge thickening tanks and other places is high, and the concentration of methane and hydrogen sulfide in the air is high, so the ventilation of structures should be strengthened, and fireworks are strictly prohibited to prevent fire and explosion accidents。In addition, through the dilution and diffusion of the atmospheric environment, as well as the purification of the green trees planted around the structures in the factory, the impact of waste gas on the atmospheric environment is small。

4.5.3 Noise environmental impact analysis

　　　　The noise sources of the water purification plant are mainly aerated fans, air compressors and various pumps, and the noise source is between 80 and 90dB (A). In order to reduce the noise, the following noise reduction measures are involved:

　　　　(1) Select low noise equipment and pumps in the equipment selection;

　　　　(2) Set up pump room to reduce the impact of noise on the external environment;

　　　　(3) The shock absorber can be set at the bottom of all kinds of machine pump equipment;

　　　　(4) Carry out appropriate greening in the region;

　　　　(5) Set walls around the plant area to separate it from the surrounding environment。

　　　　Through comprehensive treatment, the noise of the plant boundary reaches GB3096-2008 "Acoustic Environmental Quality Standard" Class 2 standard, which has little impact on the surrounding noise environment。

4.5.4 Solid waste impact analysis

    The solid waste generated in the plant includes grid slag, sand and residual sludge, domestic waste, waste oil, and online monitoring waste liquid。Among them, grid slag and sand can be landfill treatment according to general garbage, our factory has signed a contract with Wuding City Garbage Disposal Co., Ltd. to entrust its daily cleaning。Disposal of residual sludge, our factory has not set up sludge drying equipment, residual sludge through the sludge pump to the mud storage tank storage, dehydration treatment。After sorting and collecting domestic waste in the factory, Wuding City Garbage Disposal Co., Ltd. will be transported to the landfill for sanitary landfill。For the waste oil and online monitoring waste liquid produced in the plant, the company has signed a hazardous waste treatment and disposal agreement with Yunnan Dadi Fengyuan Environmental Protection Co., LTD。Therefore, as long as hazardous waste is collected and stored in the factory, hazardous waste has little impact on the outside environment。

　　　　Therefore, as long as we strengthen management, track the whereabouts of sludge, collect and store hazardous waste, and ensure that solid waste reaches the designated treatment site, the solid waste generated in the plant has little impact on the environment。

5. Gap analysis of existing environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures

5.1. Environmental risk management system

　　　　1. Our factory has prepared the "Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies" for the environmental risk units in the factory, established the environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures system, defined the responsible organizations for key positions of environmental risk prevention and control, and fully implemented the regular inspection and maintenance responsibility system;

　　　　2. Our factory implements various environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures in accordance with the requirements of the EIA approval;

　　　　3. Regularly carry out publicity and training on environmental risk and environmental emergency management for employees, mark the hazardous characteristics of risk substances and first aid measures in prominent locations of the plant, carry out safety education activities for team members every month, and organize special training for employees from time to time。

5.2 Environmental emergency resources

　　　　1. Necessary emergency supplies and equipment have been provided, as shown in Table 3.7-1。

　　　　2, the factory has established an emergency rescue team for sudden environmental pollution accidents，Have a group of constant tireless，Familiar with environmental emergency knowledge，Fully grasp all kinds of sudden environmental pollution accident disposal measures of the preparatory emergency force;Actively organize various emergency drills，Exchange experience with the expert group of the superior command department frequently，Establish and improve early warning mechanisms and information reporting systems，Guaranteed in the event of an emergency，Can quickly participate in and complete rescue, risk removal, disinfection, monitoring and other on-site disposal work。

　　　　3, the external rescue agencies in the factory are government functional departments or service organizations，Although my unit has not signed an emergency rescue agreement or mutual rescue agreement with the relevant departments，In the event of an environmental emergency，When external rescue is needed through messaging，Relevant departments in line with the "people-oriented，The principle of quick response，Can quickly carry out emergency rescue to the factory。

5.3 Short -, medium - and long-term project content that needs to be rectified

　　　　Based on the analysis of environmental risks and their consequences in the plant, combined with the investigation of existing environmental risk prevention and control and emergency resources in the plant, the environmental risk management system of the unit is perfect, and environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures and emergency resources are formulated to meet the needs of environmental risk response。Our factory has no project that needs mid - and long-term rectification。In the short term, after the on-site inspection finds that emergency materials are used, the materials that are not replenished in time will be replenished, and the standardized construction of hazardous waste temporary storage room as soon as possible, the standardized production of hazardous waste identification plates, and the improvement of hazardous waste management system。

6. Improve the implementation plan of environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures

　　　　According to the actual situation of the plant, the long-term, medium-term and short-term implementation plans for improving environmental risk prevention and control and emergency measures are formulated as follows:

　　　　Long-term: strengthen the education and training of environmental protection laws and regulations for employees, and enhance their awareness of environmental protection and risk prevention;

　　　　Mid-term: Regularly identify and evaluate the environmental factors of the unit，Formation of the Environmental Factors Registration and Evaluation Form，Develop control plans for identified important environmental factors，Implement plans to eliminate potential environmental hazards;Regularly inspect the responsibilities of key positions and personnel for environmental risk prevention and control in each branch plant, as well as the implementation of risk prevention and control measures;Conduct regular drills on emergency plans for environmental emergencies，We will revise and improve the plan according to the actual situation。

　　　　Short-term: check the availability of emergency supplies and make up for those that are insufficient;And standardized construction of hazardous waste temporary storage room as soon as possible, standardized production of hazardous waste signs, improve hazardous waste management system。

7 Risk level of enterprise environmental emergencies

　　　　Quantitative analysis of the ratio of the quantity of all environmental risk substances produced, processed, used and stored by an enterprise to its critical quantity (Q)，Assessment of process and environmental risk control level (M) and environmental risk receptor sensitivity (E)，According to the matrix method, the grades of enterprise environmental accident risk (hereinafter referred to as environmental risk) are divided。Environmental risks are classified into three levels: general environmental risk, major environmental risk and major environmental risk。The evaluation procedure is shown in Figure 7-1。

Figure 7-1 Schematic diagram of risk classification for enterprise environmental emergencies

7.1 Ratio of the quantity of environmental risk substances to the critical value

　　　　The ratio (Q) of each environmental risk substance involved to the critical amount is calculated by the following formula:

　　　　Formula: q1, q2......qn - Actual amount of each hazardous substance, t。

　　　　      Q1, Q2...Qn - The critical amount of each environmental risk substance, t。

　　　　When Q < 1, the enterprise is directly rated as the general environmental risk level, represented by Q;

　　　　When Q≥1, the Q value is divided into: (1) 1≤Q < 10;(2) 10≤Q < 100;(3) Q≥100, represented by Q1, Q2 and Q3, respectively。

　　　　According to Appendix B "Risk Substances and Critical Quantities of Environmental Emergencies" in the Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Enterprise Environmental Emergencies (Trial) and "Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Enterprise Environmental Emergencies (Trial)"，Combine the actual situation of the company，Wastewater treatment plants only use very small amounts of environmental risk substances in laboratories，The maximum storage capacity is small，Q is much less than 1。

　　　　Therefore, according to the Risk Assessment Guidelines for Enterprise Environmental Emergencies (Trial), the environmental risk level of sewage treatment plants is directly assessed as "general environmental risk".。